Title the Outsiders- by Se Hinton Why Gangs Portrayed in...

Gangs. This is what is portrayed in SE Hinton s novel, The Outsiders. Two different gangs from opposite ends of the social ladder clash in this epic novel of social tension between two rival groups, the Socs and the Greasers. The main character, 14-year-old Ponyboy, is a Greaser who lives under the cycle of poverty and endless pressure from the Socs. They are the upper class Westside crowd who are accepted in society. The Greasers, in contrast, struggle to put food on the table and are social outcasts. SE Hinton has mentioned about gangs several times in her novel. But what really defines a gang? According to some, it is, A group of young people who spend time together for social reasons. While others define gangs as, A group of people†¦show more content†¦Turfs, are the areas in which the gangs dwell. They can be marked, but are usually known by word of mouth, as in The Outsiders. When Ponyboy and Johnny came across the drunken Socs, Ponyboy commented how this was their gro und. The Socs also acknowledged that it indeed was. The fear, or more respect, factor also applies here. The residents within a certain gang s turf usually respect the gang, or fear them. An example was when the two gangs had a showdown, Steve commented that no one would dare call the cops, because there would be a manhunt from both sides. Though they didn t urinate to mark their territory, turf is essential for a gang. The rivalry between other gangs is made prominent at the beginning of the book when Ponyboy gets jumped by a group of Socs. The feud between the Greasers and the Socs is long lived, though they are merely divided by social classes. The Greasers get jumped by the Socs for their endless amusement. When Johnny puts a Soc out of his misery, the tension increased. There are many different reasons why the rivalry may occur. One is to obtain the territory. In the text, when the Socs came to pummel Ponyboy and Johnny, Pony questioned them about being on their terrain. Another one could be just to prove themselves, which could be another rivalry established. A Social named Randy asked Ponyboy about what the fighting would prove, and Ponyboy realized that nothing was really to be proved by all

Reflective Report on Group Work Essay - 2909 Words

Reflection on group work Project |Content |Page | |Content |2 | |Introduction |3 | |The Group |3 | |My role in the Group |4 |†¦show more content†¦At this stage emotion was shown and excitement expressed towards the work we had to do. A timetable for regular meetings was given to each individual of the group by the project director and at each meeting’s ‘minutes’ were taken by one member of the group in order to keep track of the work that had been done. Then comes the performing where the team knew each other and structure and guideline were clear and cohesive. The team now focused on a common goal of developing the ideas for the ‘Lush’ event. At the beginning of this stage, all members of the group were getting together regularly and were constructing and expanding ideas for the project as well as for the presentation. However, unfortunately the group did not stay this way for very long. Distraction and lack of interest emerge d bringing the whole group down to anxiety and disagreement. I as group leader was rather unsuccessful in putting the team together and in demanding more of a serious commitment from them. At this stage, the group should have been able to have delivered a successful project in the form of a presentation. Instead, all the hard work that had been done was diverted into a lack of interest and commitment resulting in a negative consequence. The final stage is the adjourning, where ‘Essence Events’ group disbanded. 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Provide an up-to-date CV at the start of the course. 2. Provide an updated CV at the end of the first year. You will required to completed the following * Completed Units * Work Experience * New Skills and Qualifications (e.g: Splash) 3. Provide a third at end of the course with UCAS if applicableRead MoreReflection Of My Own Personal Development1637 Words   |  7 Pageswhich individuals examine their experiences, in order to develop new understanding and intrapersonal appreciation (Knowles, et al., 2006). Research in this field has advocated reflective practice as an approach to professional development which positively impacts coaching effectiveness (Cropley, et al., 2012). 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However, not all learners have the same learning style and not all teachers have the sameRead MoreReflection On The Business Management Module And Internship Experience By Designing Gibbs Reflective Cycle979 Words   |  4 Pagesbusiness management module and internship experience by incorporating Gibbs reflective cycle. Moreover, this essay also highlighted improvement in skills by getting enrolled in this module. With the intention to make the process of learning updated it is better to rely on the framework proposed by Gibbs (1998) which has mentioned below: Figure 1: Gibb s Reflective Cycle (Gibbs, 1988) Referring to the model of Gibbs reflective cycle, the essay first described the good or bad experiences from the event

Organic Chemistry for Chemical and Physical Data - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theOrganic Chemistry for Chemical and Physical Data. Answer: Introduction The boiling point is defined as the temperature at which a pure substance under normal pressure of 1 atmosphere changes from liquid phase to gaseous phase (Ophardt, 2003). The molecules of a liquid are packed closely and held together by inter-molecular forces of attraction. When a liquid is heated, the molecules acquire kinetic energy resulting to increased vibrations. As more energy is supplied, the vibrations become intense enough to overcome the intermolecular forces and the molecules break free becoming a gas (Ophardt, 2003). Gas molecules are not in contact with each other. The boiling points of organic compounds depend on the strength of the inter-molecular forces between the molecules. Stronger intermolecular forces require a lot of energy to overcome resulting to higher boiling points. Among the common inter-molecular forces include hydrogen bonds, dipole-dipole interactions and Van der Waals (London dispersion forces) (Reusch, 1999). The strongest intermolecular forces are Hydrogen bonds while the weakest are London dispersion forces (Clayden, 2012) The nature of inter-molecular forces of attraction between molecules is dependent on the polarity of the molecules (Ophardt, 2003). Highly polar molecules are held together by very strong intermolecular forces of attraction (Hydrogen bonds and dipole-dipole interactions) leading to high boiling points while non-polar molecules have very weak intermolecular associations (London dispersion forces) leading to low boiling point. The degree of polarity of a molecule is determined by the nature of the functional group present (Ophardt, 2003). Comparison of the boiling points of given compounds .The boiling points of 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 2-pentanone and 1-hexanol together with their formulae and molar masses are as tabulated in table 1. Table1: formula, mass and boiling point of given organic compounds (Lide, 2005; ONeil, 2001; Haynes, 2014) Compound Molecular formula Structural formula Molar mass (g) Boiling point (0C) 1-pentanol C5H12O CH3(CH2)3CH2OH 88.15 138 2-pentanol C5H12O CH3(CH2)2CHOHCH3 88.15 119 2-pentanone C5H10O CH3(CH2)2COCH3 86.134 102 1-hexanol C6H14O CH3(CH2)4CH2OH 102.177 157 The boiling points of the four compounds increase in the order: 2-pentanone2-pentanol1-pentanol1-hexanol. 2-pentanone has the lowest boiling point while 1-hexanol has the highest boiling point. The differences in the boiling points arise due to differences in the molecular structures of the compounds (Brown, 2000) and the type of intermolecular forces existing between the molecules of each compound (Carrey, 2001). Boiling points of organic compounds increase with increase in molecular mass (Brown, 2000). For compounds with comparable molecular masses, the boiling points depend on the nature of the inter-molecular forces between the molecules. The molecular structures of the four compounds are as shown below. 2-pentanol 1-hexanol 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol and 1-hexanol are all alcohols. In alcohols, the oxygen atom is directly bonded to a hydrogen atom. Because O is highly electronegative, it attracts the electrons of the O-H bond, acquiring a partial negative charge and the H acquires a partial positive charged. The positive H attracts lone-electrons from O atom of neighboring molecules resulting to the formation of hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonds are the strongest intermolecular forces and this explains why alcohols have unusually high boiling points when compared to other organic compounds of comparable molecular size (Solomons, 2008). Among alcohols, the boiling point increase with increase in molecular weight. As the carbon chain increases, the van der Waals dispersion forces between the molecules become stronger due to additional electrons and these results to increased boiling point for longer chain alcohols (wade, 2014). 1-pentanol and 2-pentanol have same molecular mass (88.15 g) because they both have 5 carbon atoms. 1-hexanol on the other hand, has 6 carbon atoms and a higher molecular mass (102.177 g). The boiling point of 1-hexanol (157 0C) is higher than that of both 1-pentanol (138 0C) and 2-pentanol (119 0C) due to stronger van der Waals arising from the increased length of the carbon chain. For alcohols with the same molecular weight, the boiling points vary with the strength of hydrogen bonds which is directly impacted by the extent of exposure of the O-H bond. Generally, primary alcohols have higher boiling points, followed by secondary alcohols and tertiary alcohols have the lowest boiling points (Wade, 2014). In primary alcohols, the O-H is more exposed and can readily interact with other molecules leading to stronger hydrogen bonds and higher boiling point. 1-pentanol and 2-pentanol have the same molecular mass. However, 1-pentanol is a primary alcohol and 2-pentanol is a secondary alcohol. In 1-pentanol, the O-H group is located at the terminal end of the chain and linked with only 1 alkyl group. The O-H group is more exposed and can interact with the O-H of many neighboring molecules leading to strong hydrogen bonds and this explains why the boiling point of 1-pentanol is higher than that of 2-pentanol. In 2-pentanol, the O-H is linked to two alkyl groups. The presence of many alky groups hinders the interaction of the O-H group with many adjacent molecules, leading to relatively weaker hydrogen bonds as compared to those formed by 1-pentanol. Consequently, the boiling point of 2-pentanol is relatively lower than that of 1-pentanol. 2-pentanone has the lowest boiling point when compared to the rest of the compounds which are alcohols with comparable masses. 2-pentanone is a ketone with 5 carbon atoms. In 2-pentanone, carbonyl bond (O=C) is highly polar. Since O is more electronegative than C, it pulls the electrons of the bond towards itself, making the O end of the bond partially negatively charged and the C end partially positive. This results to the formation of a dipole. Positive end of one molecule attracts the negative end of neighboring molecules and thus, the molecules are held together by dipole-dipole forces of attraction between the molecules (Solomon, 2008). Dipole-dipole attractions are relatively strong and this gives 2-pentanone the significantly high boiling point (102 0C). The boiling point of 2-pentanone is lower than that of the corresponding alcohols because the dipole-dipole attractions are not as strong as the hydrogen bonding found in alcohols. Conclusion The boiling points of the given compounds are in the order: 2-pentanone2-pentanol1-pentanol1-hexanol. 2-pentanone has the lowest boiling point while 1-hexanol has the highest boiling point. Alcohols have high boiling point because of the hydrogen bonding between O and H of neighboring molecules. Primary alcohols have higher boiling point than secondary alcohols because the O-H is more exposed in 1o alcohol forming stronger hydrogen bonds. Ketones have lower boiling point than alcohols because they lack hydrogen bonds. References Brown,W.H., Iverson,B.L., Anslyn,E.V., Foote,C.S. (2000). Organic chemistry. Carey,F.A., Giuliano,R.M. (2001). Organic chemistry. New York: McGraw-Hill Education. Clayden,J., Greeves,N., Warren,S.G. (2012). Organic chemistry. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Haynes, W. M. (2015). CRC handbook of chemistry and physics. Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press. Lide, D. R. (2005). CRC handbook of chemistry and physics: a ready-reference book of chemical and physical data. Boca Raton, Fla, CRC Press. Bottom of Form Oneil, M. J. (2001). The Merck index. Whitehouse Station, N.J., Merck Ophardt,C. (2003). Polarity of Organic Compounds. Retrieved from https://chemistry.elmhurst.edu/vchembook/213organicfcgp.html Reusch,W. (1999). Virtual textbook of organic chemistry. Retrieved from https://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/virttxtjml/intro1.htm Solomons, T. W. G., Fryhle, C. B. (2008). Organic chemistry. Chichester, John Wiley Sons. Wade, L. G. (2014). Organic chemistry. Harlow, Pearson Education.

Pitfalls Of Relativism Essays (2294 words) - Relativism,

Pitfalls Of Relativism Pitfalls of Relativism The year was 1943. Hundreds of Jewish people were being marched into the gas chambers in accordance with Adolf Hitler's orders. In the two years that followed, millions of Jews were killed. Only a fraction survived the painful ordeals at the Nazi German prison camps. However, all of the chaos ended as World War II came to a close: the American and British soldiers had won and Hitler's Third Reich was no more. A certain ethical position would state that the anti-semantic Nazi German culture was neither right nor wrong in its actions. In fact, it is this view of the cultural relativist that assume all actions considered right in a culture to be good for that culture alone. Moreover, the relativist claims that these actions can not be judged according to their ethical correctness because there is no absolute standard by which they could be compared. In the above case, this position would not allow for the American and British soldiers to interfere with the Nazis; the relativist would claim that the Allies were wrong in fighting the Germans due to a cultural disagreement. In truth, it is the relativist position, which has both negative logical and practical consequences, and negligible benefits. The first logical consequence of relativism is that the believer must contradict himself in order to uphold his belief. The view states that all ethics are relative while putting forth the idea that no absolute standard of rightness exists. If this is the case, then what is cultural relativism relative to? From a purely logical point of view, this idea is absurd, for in assuming that something is relative one must first have some absolute by which it is judged. Let the reader consider this example to reinforce the point. A young woman is five feet tall, and her older friend is six feet tall. The younger female considers herself short because she looks at her friend and sees that her friend is taller than she is. It would be illogical to say that the first woman is short if she were the only female in existence; if this were the case then there would not be anyone for her to be relative to in height. However, this logical fallacy is what the relativist assumes by stating that there is no standard of rightness for relativity. Quite simply, the cultural relativist is stating that he is relative to an absolute, which he considers non-existent. Another logical error that the relativist makes lies in his Cultural Differences Argument (Rachels p.454). The premise of this argument is that different cultures have different moral codes (Rachels p.454). The conclusion that the relativist derives is that there is no objective 'truth' in morality, [and therefore] right and wrong are only matters of opinion [that] vary from culture to culture (Rachels p.454). The main logical problem with this argument is that the stated conclusion does not necessarily need to be the case if the premise is given. The premise states what different people believe to be true, and the conclusion jumps to the assumption that this belief must necessarily be the case. Let the reader consider this instance, which closely follows the form of the above given argument. Assume that there is a society that believes that sunning as much as possible in the nude can only benefit a person. Due to scientific study, it has been experimentally shown that overexposure to the sun's ultraviolet rays can cause skin cancer. Being in the American culture, people know this to be true and therefore would disagree with sunning too often. According to the relativist, since the two cultures disagree concerning the practice of sunning there is no objective truth about it. However, this is a faulty conclusion because empirical evidence shows that the first culture would be wrong in its beliefs. In truth, one cannot derive a substantive conclusion about a subject (morally) from the mere fact that people disagree about it (Rachel p.454). Having discussed the logical consequences of relativism, it is necessary to expound upon the effects of its practice. The first of these repercussions is that culture determines what is functionally right and wrong. This means that the individual has